In situ electric field strength determination in transient plasmas and gases in vicinity of plasma objects is extremely important. Recently, a new laser diagnostic technique, called EFISH (Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic generation), has been proposed in order to measure the electric field in gas or plasma in a non-intrusive way. It is based on the generation of second harmonic generation of laser radiation using a pulsed (typically picosecond) laser. The generation of second harmonic of laser radiation by the electric field is a nonlinear optical phenomenon due to the asymmetry of the polarizability induced by the applied electric field. This allows the generation of the harmonic, otherwise forbidden in homogeneous media. However, to be applied more widely on aerospace devices, several issues remain: insufficient resolution for some electrostatic configurations, sensitivity to the field distribution, feasibility of a remote measurement. This PhD thesis, devoted to the development of a remote electric field measurement technique by laser detection, aims to examine and propose solutions to these issues. It is part of a collaborative project, developed between the Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IPP), the Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA) and the National University of Singapore (NUS). The Master Thesis will be co-supervised by two French supervisors, one from the IPP and the other from ONERA, and a co-supervisor from Singapore, NUS.